Selasa, 29 Agustus 2017

Emas Merah dan potensinya

Emas Merah dan potensinya




Abad ke 14 portugis adalah salah satu bangsa eropa yang maju tentang ilmu dan teknik pelayarannya. Henry sang navigator adalah pemrakarsa dan perombak ilmu pelayaran untuk portugis. Terbukti dia adalh inspirasi bagi generasi selanjutnya, ada Bartholomeu Diaz, Vasco de Gama, Afonzo de Albequerque, dan lain-lain
Sukses mengekspansi wilayahnya sampai ke daerah utara afrika, mencaplok wilayah-wilayah kerajaan maroko dan turki ottoman. Portugis tidaklah puas, dengan prinsip 3G glory, gospel dan gold (kejayaan, menyebarkan agama kristen, dan kekayaan). Membuat bangsa ini menlanjutkan pelayaran ke selatan memetakan benua afrika, Bartholomeu Diaz berhasil mencapainya dari afrika barat sampai semenanjung harapan (afrika selatan).
Semenanjung harapan kiranya memang nama yang sangat cocok, dengan temuan tersebut membuat pelaut-pelaut portugis lainya semakin bersemangat. Adalah Vasco de Gama yang berhasil melanjutkan pelayaran tersebut, dari semenanjung harapan menyisir afrika timur sampai ke teluk persia dan gujarat india lebih tepatnya menemukan kerajaan Goa dan Cilacut.
Di india, ternyata emas merah yang diperdagangkan di sini melimpah dan murah dibandingkan di eropa. Rempah-rempah yang tiba di eropa sangatlah mahal karena melewati rute sulit, dari timur ke india dan selanjutnya melewati daratan timur tengah. Banyak kerajaan yang dilewati sehingga pajak untuk komoditas tersebut ditarik dimana-mana, terlebih lagi ancaman penyamun. Turki ottoman menguasai gerbang terakhir sebelum rempah-rempah tersebut bisa sampai di daratan eropa. Berbagai konflik antara timur tengah dan eropa, meneybabkan turki bisa memainkan komoditas ini semau mereka. Berbagai faktor tersebutlah yang menyebabkan eropa gencar melakukan pelayaran, terlebih semakin terang asla-usul rempah tersebut yang terpetakan lewat jalur laut.
1510, armada perang dibawah pimpinan Alfonzo de Albuquerque berhasil menaklukan Goa dan Cilacut. Letak yang strategis untuk perdagangan dan untuk menyaingi pedagang-pedagang muslim. Rempah-rempah yang diinginkan portugis masih ada jauh di timur. Sehingga pada tahun 1511, dimulai misi menaklukan malaka. “Raja Portugal memerintahkan saya untuk pergi ke Selat Malaka, karena ... ini adalah tempat terbaik untuk mencegat perdagangan yang dilakukan umat Islam ... di dalam wilayah ini. Jadi, untuk melakukan pelayanan Tuhan kita, kita dibawa ke sini; Dengan mengambil Malaka, kita akan menutup Selat sehingga tidak akan pernah lagi orang-orang Muslim bisa membawa rempah-rempah mereka melalui rute ini .... Saya sangat yakin bahwa, jika perdagangan Malaka ini diambil dari tangan mereka, Kairo dan Mekah akan Benar-benar hilang”. Petikan gagasan-gasan dari sang agung Afonzo de albuquerque.
10 agustus 1511, malaka jatuh ketangan portugis lewat kegigihan Afonzo de Albuquerque dan armadanya. Jatuhnya malaka membuat pengaruh kerajaan islam turun dan di malaka banyak pelaut melayu yang tahu jalur ke tanah rempah-rempah.
November 1511, setelah berhasil mengamankan malaka dan mempelajari lokasi rahasia “tanah rempah-rempah”. Afonso mengrim 3 kapal perangnya untuk menemukannya, dipimpin Antonio de Abreau dan wakilnya Francisco Serrau disertai pelaut-pelaut malaya yang memandu mereka. Dari sumatera ke jawa, dari jawa ke makasar, dari makasar ke ambon, akhirnya awal tahun 1512 rombongan ekspedisi Antonio de Abreau sampai di tanah rahasia “tanah emas merah”. Awal mereka niat untuk berdagang, membeli komoditas khas maluku itu untuk mengisi kapal mereka. Antonio menetap di maluku untuk mengembangkan pos dagang, sementara wakilnya Serrau kembali ke malaka dengan barang berharga tersebut. Namun naas nasib Serrau, dia dan seluruh awak kapal mengalami kecelakaan dan tenggelam di kepulauan seram.

Mendengar ada nya bangsa asing nan kuat ada di maluku, Sultan Abu Lais dari ternate melihat adanya kesempatan untuk bersekutu dengan bangsa yang kuat itu. Portugis di terima di ternate pada tahun 1512, dengan cepat portugis membuat benteng untuk mengamankan posisinya. Tahun 1522 akhirnya benteng kuat “Forte de São João Baptista de Ternate” selesai dibuat. Benteng tersebut juga menandai akhir dari portugis yang bersahabat. Dengan terbukanya gerbang malaka dan ditemukanya tanah rahasia maluku, bangsa eropa berbondong-bondong ke nusantara untuk menguasainya. 4 abad kemudian imperialisme dan kolonialisme barat tersebut akan sungguh menyiksa rakyat nusantara.

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Jumat, 07 April 2017

Dubai: High life begins in the clouds

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Sabtu, 18 Maret 2017

Gaelectric to pilot floating wind turbines with French deal

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Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

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The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.

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It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like). There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available,
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    Rabu, 01 Maret 2017

    121-day voyage launches with prices to match everybody

    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
    Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

    The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
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    California Dreamin' - Olivia Tracey's ultimate guide to the LA coast!

    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
    Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

    The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
    Continue reading California Dreamin' - Olivia Tracey's ultimate guide to the LA coast!

    Cape Town: Southern comforts are the perfect intro to South Africa

    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
    Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

    The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
    Continue reading Cape Town: Southern comforts are the perfect intro to South Africa

    Halong Bay: The boat crosses the most beautiful scenery of Vietnam

    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

    Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

    The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
    Continue reading Halong Bay: The boat crosses the most beautiful scenery of Vietnam

    Ireland's Top 10 tourist attractions - as chosen by you!

    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
    Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

    The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
    Continue reading Ireland's Top 10 tourist attractions - as chosen by you!

    Northern exposure: How Donegal is leading the fightback for rural Ireland

    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
    Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

    The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
    Continue reading Northern exposure: How Donegal is leading the fightback for rural Ireland

    Road Warriors: How can business travellers stay fit and healthy?

    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
    Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

    The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
    Continue reading Road Warriors: How can business travellers stay fit and healthy?

    Scotland: Six travel tips to keep up your sleeve for a family trip

    Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
    Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

    The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
    Continue reading Scotland: Six travel tips to keep up your sleeve for a family trip